Informal Greetings | Spoken English

Graham: Hi, Lucy! How is it going?

Lucy: Fine, thanks—and you?

Graham: Just fine. Where are you off to?

Lucy: To the Library. I’ve got a Science exam next week and need to start studying. Ugh.

Graham: Oh, no. Well, I’ll see you later then. Good luck!

Lucy: Thanks. See you later.

Analysis:

“Hi” is an informal way of saying “hello.”
“How is it going?” is an informal way of saying “How are you?”
Notice the rising intonation on “and you?” This shows that Lucy is interested in what Graham has to say.
“Where are you off to?” is an informal way of saying “Where are you going?”
“To the library.” Notice that Lucy does not say “I’m going” here because that information was already established in the question
Ugh: expression people make when they think that something is disgusting or unpleasant
e.g: Ugh! How can you eat that stuff?
“Oh, no” is a way of saying “I sympathize with you” or “I understand you are not happy.”
Note: used to express surprise, fear, joy, etc
Oh, how wonderful!
Oh no, I've broken it!
“See you later” is an informal way of saying “goodbye.”